Economics

Principles of Economics
Ninth Edition
N. Gregory Mankiw
© 2021

I. Introduction

1. Ten Principles of Economics
2. Thinking Like an Economist
3. Independence and the Gains from Trade

II. How Markets Work

4. The market Forces of Supply and Demand
5. Elasticity and Its Application
6. Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

III. Markets and Welfare

7. Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets
8. Application: The Costs of Taxation
9. Application: International Trade

IV. The Economics of the Public Sector

10. Externalities
11. Public Goods and Common Resources
12. The Design of the Tax System

V. Firm Behavior and the Organization of Industry

13. The Costs of Production
14. Firms in Competitive Markets
15. Monopoly
16. Monopolistic Competition
17. Oligopoly

VI. The Economics of Labor Markets

18. The Markets for the Factors of Production
19. Earnings and Discrimination
20. Income Equality and Poverty

VII. Topics for Further Study

21. The Theory of Consumer Choice
22. Frontiers of Microeconomics

VIII. The Data of Macroeconomics

23. Measuring a Nation’s Income
24. Measuring the Cost of Living

IX. The Real Economy in the Long Run

25. Production and Growth
26. Saving, Investment, and the Financial System
27. The Basic Tools of Finance
28. Unemployment

X. Money and Prices in the Long Run

29. The Monetary System
30. Money Growth and Inflation

XI. The Macroeconomics of Open Economies

31. Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts
32. A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy

XII. Short-Run Economic Fluctuations

33. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
34. The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand
35. The Short-Run Trade-Off between Inflation and Unemployment

XIII. Final Thoughts

36. Six Debates over Macroeconomic Policy